《园林》学刊·卷首语（2023.04）丨疗愈环境建设与公共健康

本期专题

专题：疗愈环境与公共健康

Healing Environment and Public Health

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·全文刊登于《园林》2023-04期P01

·全文引文格式：张浪.疗愈环境建设与公共健康[J].园林,2022,40(04):01.

 卷首语 

疗愈环境建设与公共健康 

Healing Environment Construction and Public Health

快速的城市化进程导致人与自然疏离，城市生态环境的破碎、生活工作的高压、新冠疫情的爆发、和谐社会关系的失调等，引发的抑郁、焦虑与孤独等慢性公共疾病严重威胁公众健康。对于健康的界定，参照世界卫生组织（WHO）的阐述，即健康不仅是消除疾病或羸弱，而是在躯体、心理、社会和道德层面达到契合和健全。2016年10月，中共中央、国务院印发《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》，提出要“把健康融入城乡规划、建设、治理的全过程，促进城市与人民健康协调发展”。党的二十大报告将“健康中国”作为2035年发展总体目标的一个重要方面，提出“把保障人民健康放在优先发展的战略位置，完善人民健康促进政策”，并对“推进健康中国建设”作出全面部署。如何在风景园林健康领域，将被动应对转化为主动干预，疗愈环境的系统营建是关键所在。

风景园林与公共健康有着深远的历史渊源，关系密切。从中国古代将植物、水、自然景观以及中药植被纳入治疗，英国的城市公园到田园城市、美国的中央公园到城市美化运动，德国的建筑方案到公众公园运动等，风景园林疗愈环境成为公共健康建设不可或缺的部分，对于人的身体、心理、社会关系、道德健康具有积极作用。疗愈环境系统包括物理疗愈环境和生物体的个体生理交互，涉及身体、心理到心灵的疗愈过程。对人的身体健康和情感福祉具有支持作用的物理环境可谓之疗愈环境。面向公共卫生与健康的疗愈环境，不仅包括自然环境，也包括城市高密区的公共活动空间，甚至建筑环境和室内环境等。

本期专题“疗愈环境与公共健康”，从自然疗愈理论阐述、循证评价和实践探索角度，勾勒了关于自然疗愈研究的理论架构、技术支持和实践拓展的全景图。阐述自然疗法的内涵、性质、类型及其对健康的益处及作用机制，探讨了自然疗法与环境保护之间的共生关系以及未来向公平、环境友好、可持续方向的发展趋势；归纳了4种景观空间——自然景观、水域空间、休闲农场、都市绿地的健康福祉特征，并以景观和脑区活化反应的相关性研究作延伸讨论；研讨了人生历程中童年、成年初显期、中年和成年后期4个重要阶段遇到的挑战和压力来源，以及每个阶段与自然互动所产生的裨益；系统分析了国外园艺疗法基本组成、本质内涵和实施应用，揭示了其对于构建完善的高质量园艺疗法体系的重要作用，总结了中国园艺疗法的发展评述，并提出未来展望；通过城市滨江空间、社区康养实践的探索，具体剖析城市空间公共健康环境的营造途径。

疗愈环境的设计研究聚焦场地设计与体验，也关注如何利用植物栽培与园艺操作等园艺疗法的实施，帮助人舒缓情绪、改善体能和运动协调，从而增加社会联系和道德感的价值。风景园林视角下的健康需要呈现多样化、差异化的特点，综合医学、生物学、心理学、行为学等多学科，才能更好地帮助高龄、亚健康以及心理障碍等社会群体，乃至服务于全龄人群、全生命周期的健康管理。

The rapid urbanization process has led to the alienation of people from nature. The broken urban ecological environment, the high pressure of life and work, the outbreak of the COVID-19, and the imbalance of harmonious social relations have caused chronic public diseases such as depression, anxiety and loneliness, which seriously threaten public health. According to the statement of the World Health Organization (WHO), health is not only to eliminate disease or infirmity, but also to achieve fit and sound at the physical, psychological, social and moral levels. In October 2016, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the “Healthy China 2030” Planning Outline, proposing to “integrate health into the whole process of urban and rural planning, construction and governance, and promote the healthy and coordinated development of the city and the people”. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China regards “Healthy China” as an important aspect of the overall development goal in 2035, puts forward “putting the protection of people’s health in the strategic position of priority development, improving the people’s health promotion policy”, and makes a comprehensive deployment of “promoting the construction of a healthy China”. How to transform passive response into active intervention and build a system to heal the environment is the key in the field of landscape architecture health.

Landscape architecture and public health have a profound historical origin and close relationship. From the treatment of plants, water, natural landscapes and traditional Chinese medicine plants in ancient China, urban parks in Britain to idyllic cities, central parks in the United States to urban beautification campaigns, German architectural schemes to public park campaigns, the landscape garden healing environment has become an indispensable part of public health construction, and has a positive effect on people’s physical, psychological, social relations, and moral health. The healing environment system includes the physical healing environment and the individual physiological interaction of the organisms, involving the healing process of body, mind and soul. A physical environment that supports a person’s physical health and emotional well-being is a healing environment. The healing environment for public health and health includes not only the natural environment, but also the public activity space in the high-density area of the city, and even the building environment and indoor environment.

The topic of this issue, “Healing Environment and Public Health”, outlines the panorama of theoretical framework, technical support and practical expansion of natural healing research from the perspectives of theoretical elaboration, evidence-based evaluation and practical exploration. The connotation, nature, type, benefits and mechanism of natural therapy for health were expounded, and the symbiotic relationship between natural therapy and environmental protection, as well as the development trend towards fairness, environmental friendliness and sustainability in the future were discussed. The health and well-being characteristics of four kinds of landscape spaces: natural landscape, water space, leisure farm and urban green space were summarized, and the correlation between landscape and brain activation was further discussed. the sources of challenges and stresses encountered in four important stages of life, childhood, emerging adulthood, middle age and late adulthood, and the benefits of interaction with nature at each stage were discussed. Besides, The basic composition, essential connotation and application of domestic horticultural therapy abroad were systematically analyzed, and the development of foreign horticultural therapy were summarized. Finally, through exploring of urban waterfront space and community health practices, the author analyzed the ways to create a public health environment in urban space.

The design and research of the healing environment focuses on the site design and experience, and also focuses on how to use the implementation of gardening therapy such as plant cultivation and gardening operation to help people relax their emotions, improve physical fitness and sports coordination, thus increasing the value of social connection and moral sense. From the perspective of landscape architecture, health needs to present diversified and differentiated characteristics. Only by integrating medicine, biology, psychology, behavior and other disciplines, can we better help social groups such as the elderly, sub-health and mental disorders, and even serve the health management of all age groups and the whole life cycle.

Editor-in-Chief

编辑校对丨刘   杰              微信排版丨戴嘉旻              文章审核丨钱秀苇   戴嘉旻

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